Postpartum Thyroiditis (PPT) can occur following the birth of a baby or miscarriage during the following first year, which causes an autoimmune response inflaming the thyroid gland.

Hyperthyroid or overactive symptoms are associated with PPT which can then be followed by hypothyroidism or underactive symptoms and function.

It is important hyperthyroid symptoms and function are not overlooked or misdiagnosed as postnatal depression.

It is also important to be aware if you have a family history of thyroid disorders, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis etc.

Symptoms Include:

• Unexplained weight loss
• Anxiety, insomnia and irritability
• Heat intolerance
• Heart Palpitations, or fast or irregular heartbeat
• Fatigue and lethargy
• Muscle weakness
• Diarrhoea

How to Diagnose:

It is essential to determine a correct diagnosis to ensure nothing is overlooked.

Blood Tests:  TSH, free T4, free T3 and Thyroid Antibodies.  (Thyroid Antibodies determines if the patient has a Thyroid Autoimmune Disease, either Hashimoto’s or Graves’ Disease.)

Thyroid Ultrasound:  If the patient has pain in the thyroid area of the neck, enlargement of the thyroid gland or trouble swallowing, a thyroid ultrasound will report on the size, shape and texture of the thyroid gland and if any nodules have developed. 

Treatments:  Depending on the severity of symptoms and blood results, beta-blockers may be prescribed to control heart palpitations.  Other treatments can include Antithyroid medications which may be considered during the overactive phase.

Breastfeeding may be affected short term as milk supply can slow during the initial period.

Ongoing Monitoring:  Regular monitoring and thyroid function tests are essential as hyperthyroidism and symptoms can change during the course of the first year to hypothyroidism and symptoms – increased fatigue, lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, lack of concentration etc.

Postpartum Thyroiditis (PPT) usually resolves around 12-18 months following the birth with thyroid function returning to normal. 

However, if Thyroid Autoimmune Disease, resulting in Hashimoto’s Disease or Graves’ Disease has been determined, follow up is essential to ensure treatment is ongoing if needed for hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.  Ongoing thyroid function monitoring and testing is also important, especially is future pregnancies are intended.